#13,633
For the third week running (see here, and here), the CDC has updated their AFM Surveillance page this afternoon. Since last week the number of confirmed cases has jumped by 10 (n=72) and the number of states affected increased by 2 to 24.
These 72 confirmed cases are among 191 patients under investigation (PUIs), which is an increase of 36 over last week's update.Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare illness that affects a person’s nervous system - specifically the spinal cord - and while rare, most cases occur in children. AFM falls under a broader `umbrella' of syndromes called Acute Flaccid paralysis (AFP).
AFM remains exceedingly rare, striking fewer than 1 person in a million each year, but of those who are affected, 90% are under the age of 18.
Although Enterovirus D68 and EV-A71 have both been implicated in past cases (along with a number of other viral suspects), as of now no definitive cause has been determined for the bulk of these cases. A recent studies include:
mBio: Contemporary EV-D68 Strains Have Acquired The Ability To Infect Human Neuronal Cells
Notes from the Field: Enterovirus A71 Neurologic Disease in Children — Colorado, 2018
Eurosurveillance Review: Association Between Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) & Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68)
As paralysis often only appears days or even weeks after a suspected viral infection, positive lab results are often unobtainable.
From the CDC AFM Surveillance page:
At a Glance
- CDC is concerned about AFM, a serious condition that causes weakness in the arms or legs.
- From August 2014 through October 2018, CDC has received information on a total of 396 confirmed cases of AFM across the US; most of the cases have occurred in children.
- Even with continued reports of AFM since 2014, AFM remains a very rare condition. Less than one to two in a million people in the United States get AFM each year.
- While we don’t know the specific pathogen (germ) associated with most of the AFM cases, we think a viral infection and the body’s response to the infection likely play an important role. It’s always important to practice disease prevention steps, such as staying up-to-date on vaccines, washing your hands, and protecting yourself from mosquito bites.
What This Graph Shows
The graph shows the number of AFM cases confirmed by CDC as of October 26, 2018, with onset of the condition through October 26, 2018.
- So far in 2018, there are 72 confirmed cases of AFM. (Note: The cases occurred in 24 states across the U.S.)
- Note: These 72 confirmed cases are among the total of 191 reports that CDC received of patients under investigation (PUIs). CDC recently received increased reports for PUIs with onset of symptoms in August, September, and October. CDC and state and local health departments are still investigating some of these PUIs. With enhanced efforts working with local and state health departments and hospitals, we were able to gather information on PUIs and confirm a number of these cases faster. CDC is now providing the number of patients still under investigation so people can better anticipate increases in confirmed cases over the coming months.
- In 2017, CDC received information for 33 confirmed cases of AFM. (Note: The cases occurred in 16 states across the U.S.)
- In 2016, 149 people were confirmed to have AFM. (Note: The cases occurred in 39 states across the U.S. and DC)
- In 2015, 22 people were confirmed to have AFM. (Note: The cases occurred in 17 states across the U.S.)
- From August to December 2014, 120 people were confirmed to have AFM. (Note: The cases occurred in 34 states across the U.S.)
- The case counts represent only those cases for which information has been sent to and confirmed by CDC.
It is currently difficult to interpret trends of the AFM data. Collecting information about patients under investigation (PUIs) for AFM is relatively new, and it is voluntary for most states to send this information to CDC. There may initially be more variability in the AFM data from year to year making it difficult to interpret or compare case counts between years.
We defer to the states to release additional information on cases as they choose.
(Continue . . . )
In case you missed missed it, 2 weeks ago the CDC held a Conference Call On Recent Acute Flaccid Myelitis Reports. You'll find the audio recording and transcript at this link.
If you suspect you or your child is suffering from unexplained muscle weakness or paralysis, it is important to seek medical care immediately. The CDC continues to investigate, but until more is known, the CDC can only offer the following advice.
For more information on what CDC is doing, see our AFM Investigation page.Prevention
Poliovirus and West Nile virus may sometimes lead to AFM.
While we don’t know if it is effective in preventing AFM, washing your hands often with soap and water is one of the best ways to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to other people. Learn about when and how to wash your hands.
- You can protect yourself and your children from poliovirus by getting vaccinated.
- You can protect against bites from mosquitoes, which can carry West Nile virus, by using mosquito repellent, staying indoors at dusk and dawn (when bites are more common), and removing standing or stagnant water near your home (where mosquitoes can breed).
