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Small genetic changes could favor adaptation to a human host, and this potential is greatest for pathogens with moderate transmission rates (such as MPXV) (40). The ability to spread rapidly and efficiently from human to human could enhance spread by travelers to new regions.
In the decade since, 2 new clades (Ib and IIb) have emerged, with both (IIb and, to a lesser extent Ib) managing to spread internationally. Just three days ago the WHO warned of Broader Transmission of Mpox Due to clade Ib MPXV – Global situation, and limited community spread in at least 6 non-African nations (including the United States).
Given this track record, new emerging variants and/or clades of the mpox virus are not totally unexpected.Today, the UKHSA has announced the detection of a new recombinant strain (Ib & IIb) in a traveler recently returning from Asia. Details are still quite limited, and its impact or significance is unknown.
First, the brief statement from the UKHSA, after which I'll have a postscript.
Latest update
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has identified a new recombinant mpox virus in England in an individual who had recently travelled to Asia.
Genomic sequencing showed that the mpox genome contained elements of clade Ib and IIb mpox.
This is not unexpected as both clades are circulating, but highlights the continued potential for mpox virus to evolve and the importance of continued genomic surveillance.
UKHSA continues to assess the significance of the strain.
Dr Katy Sinka, Head of Sexually Transmitted Infections at UKHSA, said:
Our genomic testing has enabled us to detect this new mpox strain. It’s normal for viruses to evolve, and further analysis will help us understand more about how mpox is changing.
Although mpox infection is mild for many, it can be severe. Getting vaccinated is a proven effective way to protect yourself against severe disease, so please make sure to get the jab if you are eligible.
It is important to remain alert to the risks from this unpleasant illness. Anyone who thinks they may have mpox should contact NHS 111 for advice on what to do.
The UK has a routine mpox vaccination programme in place for eligible groups, including those who have multiple sexual partners, participate in group sex, or visit sex-on-premises venues. Studies show the vaccine is around 75% to 80% effective in protecting against mpox.
UKHSA has shared its findings with relevant international partners, including the World Health Organization (WHO), to support global monitoring efforts.
As our collective immunity from the smallpox vaccine - which was discontinued in the late 1970s - wanes, there will be increased opportunities for emerging pox viruses to stage a comeback.
While Mpox is currently at the top of our watch-list, some of the other poxviruses we've looked at in recent years include:
Alaska Health Department Announces A Fatal Alaskapox Infection
A Newly Discovered Poxvirus Detected In Reindeer in Sweden & Norway
EID Journal: Novel Poxvirus in Proliferative Lesions of Wild Rodents in East-Central Texas, USA
A Novel Zoonotic Orthopoxvirus Resurfaces In Alaska
