Thursday, March 26, 2009

Referral: Maryn McKenna Presents Links To Multiple MRSA Abstracts

 


# 2942

 

 

Maryn McKenna is a well known author (see Beating Back The Devil), award winning journalist, and blogger who has spent much of the past year researching her new – soon to be published – book SUPERBUG: The Rise of Drug-Resistant Staph and the Danger of a World Without Antibiotics.  

To that end Maryn has maintained an excellent blog on MRSA and antibiotic resistant pathogens called SUPERBUG which serves as a sort of virtual whiteboard for her new book.  

 

Maryn has recently returned from the annual meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), and she has posted a number of links to online abstracts from that meeting.

 

As Maryn explains it, many of these links are probably only going to be `live’ for a short time.   Get them while you can.

 

 

MRSA research at Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of American meeting

As promised, a round-up of some of the research presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), held last weekend in San Diego. (Disclosure: I was on the faculty for the meeting; in exchange for co-hosting a session, SHEA will be reimbursing me for airfare and hotel. I wasn't otherwise paid, though.) There were 143 presentations on MRSA; here are a few.


I'm going to put in links to the online abstracts — I have SHEA's permission to do this — but I can't guarantee how long they will stay up. For those outside the science world, what happens at these meetings is that research is presented, in slide/PowerPoint sessions or in a poster, as a preliminary step to getting it published in a journal. Once a journal expresses interest, a cone of silence descends, the researchers are asked not to discuss the research until the paper is printed, and the abstract will probably be taken offline.

(Continue . . . .)

Indonesia: Bird Flu Hotspots And `Locally Confirmed’ Cases

 

 

# 2941

 

 

 

 

Nearly 90 days into 2009, and according to the official counts maintained by the World Health Organization, Indonesia has yet to report a human infection or death from the H5N1 virus.

 

The WHO is constrained, of course, from reporting cases until they have been confirmed by the country of origin’s Health Ministry.  

 

Until that happens, officially, they are not counted.

 

The last update from Indonesia came two months ago (Avian influenza – situation in Indonesia ) and it was in reference to two cases from December of 2008. 

 

Since then we’ve seen local media reports of more than a dozen cases, some of which have been `locally confirmed’ by doctors or government officials, but not `officially confirmed’ by Depkes, the Health Ministry.

 

A good example of this (but by no means, the only one) is this report via Ida at the Bird Flu Information Corner.

 

The Indonesian newspaper  Tempo Interaktif is quoting the mayor of South Jakarta, Syahrul Effendi, as confirming two H5N1 deaths in his city this year.

 

 

 

Two districts in South Jakarta stated as bird flu ‘red spot’ area

March 26, 2009

Jakarta – Two districts (kecamatan) in South Jakarta stated as ‘red spot’ of bird flu virus. This statement was made regarding to two fatal victims who killed by bird flu virus on February and March 2009.

 

“It means that this area is susceptible for bird flu spreading”, said head of Livestock and Fishery Service, South Jakarta, Chaidir Taufik after his team had finished depopulation measure to fowls this afternoon (25/3).

 

Two districts that susceptible for bird flu are Kecamatan Pesanggrahan and Kebayoran Lama. “We haven’t know until when this status will last”, as he added.

 

On 2 February, IR, 3, resident of Damai II Petukangan Selatan, Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta had died due to bird flu infection. Followed by the fatality of SDW, 4, resident of Jalan Peninggaran, Kebayoran Lama Utara, Kebayoran Lama on March 5th.

 

“They both tested positive bird flu”, said the mayor of South Jakarta, Syahrul Effendi.

 

According to Chaidir, fowls traffic in those areas will be monitored strictly. Routine patrol to poultries will also be done, including disinfection to poultry pools and abattoirs.

Source: Indonesia newspaper, Tempo Interaktif.

 

 

It has been more than 3 weeks since the AP carried the following story, which was based on comments made in early February (see Indonesian Official: Four More Bird Flu Fatalities) and yet no `official’ confirmation of these, or any other cases, has been forthcoming from the Indonesian Health Ministry.

 

 

Mar 3, 3:55 AM EST

4 Indonesians die of bird flu; toll climbs to 119

By IRWAN FIRDAUS
Associated Press Writer

JAKARTA, Indonesia (AP) -- Four Indonesians have died of bird flu, bringing the death toll in the country hardest hit by the disease to 119, an official said Tuesday.

 

Bayu Krisnamurthi, chief of the National Bird Flu Commission, said all the victims were believed to have been infected after coming into contact with sick poultry. They were from Java island and died in January and February.

 

<snip>

 

Krisnamurthi had little details about the latest deaths, saying only that two were siblings from the city of Bogor and the others were women from Bekasi and Surabaya.

 

 

Despite these, and other, reports - Officially, the Death Toll still remains at 115, with 141 total cases.  

 

Today, we have news of another possible bird flu fatality in Riau, and we are watching a possible cluster in Garut.   

 

 

While the number of human cases this year does not appear to be any greater (and may even be less) than we’ve seen in previous years, the Health Ministry’s ongoing silence only serves to increase the level of concern and suspicion over what is really going on in that country.

 

 

Health Minister Supari may consider silence on this issue to be golden, but were I a tourist planning a visit to Bali, or a business executive looking to invest in Indonesia, I’d be more than a little leery given the ongoing lack of transparency on the part of the Health Ministry on Indonesia’s bird flu problem.

Australia Approves Sanofi’s EmerFlu® Pandemic Vaccine

 

 

# 2940

 

 

Just a week after being rebuffed by the EU Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), Sanofi’s Emerflu® has been approved for use in Australia.

 

 

 

EMERFLU®, pandemic influenza vaccine for humans, approved in Australia

Published on 26 March 2009, 00:28 by Insciences

Lyon, France – March 26, 2009 - Sanofi Pasteur, the vaccines division of sanofi-aventis Group (EURONEXT: SAN and NYSE: SNY), announced today that its pandemic influenza vaccine for human use Emerflu®*, has been granted marketing authorization from the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Emerflu® vaccine is now approved for the prevention of pandemic influenza in Australia upon official declaration of a pandemic.

Emerflu® vaccine is intended to be manufactured and distributed with the identified pandemic strain and used in Australia in accordance with official Australian government guidance.

 

The Australian approval of Emerflu® vaccine granted today follows the positive recommendation by the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) on February 13 2009, based on a review of results from clinical trials, which began in late 2004 on H5N1 alum-adjuvanted** inactivated influenza vaccine candidates. These trials evaluated the safety and ability of Emerflu® vaccine to elicit a
protective immune response to the H5N1 strains currently identified by global health authorities and experts as a potential source for the next pandemic.

 

 

The news out of the EU for Sanofi wasn’t nearly as positive last week when CHMP gave a negative recommendation for the vaccine.

 

 

 

Questions And Answers On Recommendation For The Refusal Of The Marketing Authorisation For Emerflu

Common name:pandemic influenza vaccine (H5N1) (split virion, inactivated, adjuvanted) A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (NIBRG-14)

 

LONDON, March 19, 2009--On 19 March 2009, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a negative opinion, recommending the refusal of the marketing authorisation for the medicinal product Emerflu suspension for injection, intended to be used in adults for prophylaxis of influenza in an officially declared pandemic situation. The company that applied for authorisation is Sanofi Pasteur SA. It may request a re-examination of the opinion within 15 days of receipt of notification of this negative opinion.

 

<snip>

 

What were the major concerns that led the CHMP to recommend the refusal of the marketing authorisation?

The CHMP was concerned over the ability of Emerflu to trigger the production of enough antibodies against the flu virus. According to criteria laid down by the CHMP, a mock-up vaccine needs to bring about protective levels of antibodies in at least 70% of people for it to be considered suitable. Because antibody production following Emerflu administration was below this level in the main studies (less than 40% in participants aged below 60 years), the CHMP was concerned that Emerflu was not suitable for use as a mock-up vaccine.

 

(Continue . . .)

 

Suspected Bird Flu Fatality in Pekanbaru

 

 

# 2939

 

 

One of the suspect bird flu cases we’ve been following for the past few days (see Suspect Cases In Indonesia) was 2 year-old IS from Pekanbaru, which is the capital of Riau province in Indonesia.

 

image

 

 

While no test results have been announced as yet, H5N1 infection is strongly suspected.  

 


Sadly, little IS lost his battle against whatever pathogen he was fighting over night.  

 

This report from the Jakarta Post.

 

 

 

 

 

Thursday, March 26, 2009 5:31 PM

 

Bird flu suspect dies in Pekanbaru

The Jakarta Post ,  Jakarta   |  Thu, 03/26/2009 2:44 PM

Two-year old Wahyu Ibnu Saputra, who has been intensively treated for a suspected birdflu case, died in an isolated room at Arifin Achmad Hospital in Pekanbaru, Riau, on early Thursday morning.

 

Azizman Saad of the hospital's birdflu handling team told Antara that Wahyu had trouble breathing and lost his consciousness before his death.

 

He said that six doctors worked to save the boy's life. Wahyu was pronounced dead at around 02:00 a.m..

 

Azizman said that the patient's condition was relatively well on Wednesday morning, but quickly deteriorated during the evening.

Wahyu was admitted as birdflu suspect last Friday after he had been treated at another hospital for six days.

 

Azizman said the hospital has yet to announce whether the boy died of birdflu because it was still waiting for nasal and throat swabs test result form the Health Ministry laboratory in Jakarta. (dre)

Wednesday, March 25, 2009

Media: New Suspect Case In Indonesia

 


# 2938

 

 

 

From the Bird Flu Information Corner, we get this synopsis of a story carried by MetroTV News.   The victim is from Indramayu Regency, which is east of the Capital Jakarta.

 

image

 

This case, like most of the others we hear about from the local media, is merely a suspected case.   

 

Indonesia’s policy is not to confirm or deny individual cases as they occur, but rather to issue summary totals at irregular intervals.

 

 

 

 

 

Indramayu, West Java ::: Bird flu suspect

March 26, 2009

 

Indramayu, West Java – Resident of Desa Mangun Jaya, Kecamatan Anjatan, Indramayu, West Java, suspected to be infected by bird flu virus. Victim was brought to Indramayu regional hospital due to high fever and prolonged breathing difficulty.

 

Victim, Wawan, 33, was admitted to hospital Wednesday (25/3) night after treated previously at Anjatan public health center. He’s now placed at special observation room with intensive treatment.

 

Patient has contact history with dead chicken before. Blood sample has been sent to Indramayu Health Service laboratory. Team of Indramayu regional hospital is still observing the patient, and no confirmation has been issued yet. Patient is the third bird flu suspects treated in Indramayu regional hospital during 2009.

Source: Indonesia TV news, MetroTV.

 

 

The Bird Flu Information Corner is a joint endeavor between Kobe University, Japan and Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Indonesia and has become one of our best sources of bird flu related information from Indonesia.

Because A Disaster Could Strike At Any Time

 


# 2937

 

 

 

No one knows when the next pandemic will strike. 

 

Just as no one knows when the next big earthquake will hit California, or the Pacific Northwest, or perhaps in the mid-west along the New Madrid Fault. Even the Eastern Seaboard isn’t immune from damaging quakes as was proved by the Charleston Earthquake of 1886.

 

Most of the time, disasters happen suddenly . . . and usually with little warning.

 

Today, there are a few scientists watching a series of micro-quakes that have been occurring along the San Andreas Fault, 90 miles east of San Diego.   

 

Maybe it means nothing.   But micro-quakes are sometimes a precursor to something bigger.

 

This from KTLA News.

 

 

Swarm of Quakes Continues: A Precursor to the Big One?
KTLA News

March 25, 2009

BOMBAY BEACH -- The swarm of earthquakes near the Salton Sea continued Wednesday morning with more than a dozen small temblors hitting the area.

 

The largest of Wednesday's quakes was a magnitude-3.5 that struck shortly before 1 a.m. and was followed by several micro quakes.

 

Some 24 shakers were recorded in the same area Tuesday morning including a magnitude-4.8 which struck at 4:55 a.m. on the edge of the Salton Sea, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

 

The quake was centered three miles south of the small town of Bombay Beach and 90 miles east of San Diego.

 

It was followed by a swarm of smaller quakes, which were recorded between 4:58 a.m. and 6:14 a.m. around Bombay Beach.  Most of those temblors registered lower than a 3.0-magnitude, officials said.

 

There were no reports of any injury or damages in any of the earthquakes.

 

The recent activity has sparked the interest of scientists who want to see if small faults crossing under the Salton Sea are transferring energy to a section of the more dangerous San Andreas fault, which has not popped in more than 300 years.

 

An earthquake that starts in Bombay Beach and ripples northwest along the San Andreas fault could be the Big One that devastates Los Angeles, Graham Kent, a research geophysicist at UC San Diego, told the Los Angeles Times.

 

(Continue . . .)

 

Of course, Californians are used to these warnings.  And that’s the problem. They’ve heard the warnings so many times, most people now ignore them.

 

Maybe this isn’t the precursor to `The Big One’.  In fact, the odds are it isn’t. 

 

But one of these days . . . .

 

Whether the next major disaster jolts California, or is the result of a tornado outbreak in the mid-west, or comes from a hurricane along the Gulf Coast - we know one thing with certainty. 

 

Disasters happen, and they happen often.  

 

Last year, FEMA responded to 75 Federally declared disasters in the United States.  

 

Blizzards, ice storms, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes  . . .  and on rare occasions earthquakes and even pandemics . . . can all cause serious disruptions and loss of life.

 

FEMA and READY.GOV are just two of the agencies urging that all American get prepared, and stay prepared, to deal with disasters.  They know that in an emergency, the better prepared individuals and families are, the less impact a disaster will have on a community.

 

Learn About the Different Types of Disasters and Hazards

 

 

 

 

image

 

This map from FEMA (3mb PDF), showing Presidential Disaster Declarations between January 3rd, 2000 and March 3rd, 2007 shows that very few areas of the country have escaped from experiencing some type of disaster over the past decade. 

 

Some areas have been hit more than once.

 

READY.GOV provides abundant resources and advice on how to become prepared to deal with emergencies.   They advise:

 

 image

 

 

EVERY HOME should have, as a minimum, a 72-hour emergency kit and a well understood (and rehearsed) emergency plan.

 

Once you have reached that minimum level of preparedness, you can then begin to work towards the 2-week recommendation of the HHS, or beyond.  There are some agencies and organizations that strongly urge 30 – 60 – even 90 days of preparations.

 

But, as the READY.GOV logo says above, you are urged to START TODAY.

 

Because . . . . . well, re-read the title to this post.