Note: This is day 17 of National Preparedness Month. Follow this year’s campaign on Twitter by searching for the #NPM11 hash tag.
This month, as part of NPM11, I’ll be rerunning some edited and updated older preparedness essays, along with some new ones.
# 5847
During a disaster, telephone service - whether via landline or cell phone - may be compromised. Even if the phone system remains intact, the service may overwhelmed by excessive traffic.
Note: Text messaging will sometimes work even when voice communications are down.
Even if voice comms are available, during a crisis texting whenever possible is still preferable, because it places a lower burden on the phone system.
It can be advantageous, therefore, to have a backup form of short-range communications for when phones are either unavailable or are simply not the best solution.
As a liveaboard sailor, I spent several years without a telephone (or A/C, refrigeration, & running water for that matter). When we weren’t staying in a marina, cruising aboard a sailboat could be the ultimate in social isolation.
Sure, some days we'd gather on larger boats, or dockside, or on some isolated beach and kill some beers and tell some lies. But often we went days without direct human contact.
Of course, boaters just about all have a VHF radio aboard, and that was our link to one another.
Usually twice each day, in an anchorage of any size, we'd have a `radio roundup', where each boater would check in via the radio. If anyone needed anything, whether it was a recipe, a doctor, or a spare part, they could put out the call on the radio net.
Once `business' was taken care of, chit-chat ensued.
With multiple channels available, Boater A would often call upon Boater B to `meet me on Channel X', and they could depart and talk without cluttering main channel.
If a boater failed to check in, someone would usually row over and knock on their boat and make sure they were alright.
During an emergency - like an earthquake, flood, hurricane (or even a pandemic) - these same procedures could prove invaluable for just about any neighborhood or community.
While VHF radios are expensive, and overkill for most neighborhood settings, there is an easy alternative; FRS radio or Family Radio Service.
These are not your father's walkie-talkies.
They operate on a UHF band and are more reliable, and are less prone to static, than the old CB radio. And they are surprisingly inexpensive.
As regular readers are aware, I am a big proponent of the `disaster buddy’ concept - working with your friends and neighbors during an emergency (see In An Emergency, Who Has Your Back?).
Whether you live in a suburban neighborhood or an apartment complex, or a trailer park, these little radios can provide a ready way to communicate with your `disaster buddies’, even if your phone lines or cellular service are down.
For those walking a neighborhood watch patrol, they give an easy way to communicate with others patrolling the neighborhood, or with a home base.
For home security, they are hard to beat. One person can be watching a back door, while you monitor the front door, and you can communicate without shouting.
Or someone can go outside to check out a perceived threat, bring in supplies, or assist a neighbor and still remain in communications with the folks in the main house.
During a pandemic, earthquake, severe storm, search & rescue operation, or any other local or national emergency, they would be a valuable tool.
I own the Motorola T5000, and paid $28 for a pair. Other models are available from as little as $20 a pair. For $100, you could equip yourself, and 6 - 8 neighbors with transceivers. Not a bad bang for the buck.
These units can be purchased at WalMart, Best Buy, Radio Shack, Kmart, or practically any major department store. You can also order them online.
During a crisis, If you set up your own radio net meeting schedule (say 8am and 8pm), you can make sure everyone is safe and accounted for.
If power is available, and you elect to go with the rechargeable units, you can leave them on standby and in the charger 24/7, and anyone can holler if they have a problem.
While the claims of a 5 mile or 8 mile range should be taken with a large grain of salt (think boulder-sized), depending on terrain and man-made obstacles, they can be pretty effective for up to 1 mile.
As with most things, the more you pay, the more you get.
Tech Details (United States)
FRS radios do not require a license.
You may operate on up to 14 channels with an output of 1/2 watt. Some FRS radios (like mine) also give you an additional 8 channels of GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service) which may utilize up to 5 watts of power.
YOU DO NEED A LICENSE to operate on the GMRS bands. But the range of communication will be several time farther than FRS.
If you buy a hybrid unit, you do not need a license to use the lower 14 channels.
While 14 channels may not seem like a lot, each channel can incorporate up to 38 different `privacy codes', which can block the reception of others on your channel.
These CTCSS (Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System) codes effectively give you 532 channels of operation, if you desire. Just set up a common code for your radio net, and you won't hear other's and it is likely that other's won't hear you.
NOTE: This is not `secure-comms', because anyone with an FRS radio can turn off this feature and hear all traffic on any channel.
Most units also provide a channel scan feature, which will pick up traffic on all 14 channels. Other features (dependant on price) include built in GPS, battery indicators, backlighting of dial, VOX support, ear buds, and even vibrating alert.
You other big decision will be the power source. Most units come with rechargeable batteries and a a duel charging stand. You will need 110 volt power, or a battery/inverter setup to keep these charged.
You can also buy units that run off of AAA batteries, in which case you will need lots of replacement batteries. Talk time on disposable batteries is reportedly between 20 and 30 hours. Use the higher output GMRS bands, and that will go down.
As I have a solar panel/battery/inverter setup I elected to go with the charging stand. You can read about my system, and how you can make one for yourself at Preparedness: Solar Power On A Budget.
If you have neighbors you'd like to remain in contact with, or need a way for a family member to remain in contact while outside or on the other side of the house, these little gems will likely to the job.
